How to implement unit testing in Go?

Question

Jayant Kumar · Accepted Answer

Unit testing in Go is straightforward and is an integral part of the development process. The Go standard library provides a built-in testing package called testing that makes it easy to write and execute unit tests for your code. Here's how you can implement unit testing in Go:
Create a Test File:
Start by creating a separate file with a name that ends in _test.go. This naming convention is important because it signals to Go that the file contains test code.
Write Test Functions:
In the test file, write test functions with names beginning with Test. Each test function should take a single argument of type testing.T.
package mypackage

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := Add(2, 3)
    expected := 5
    if result != expected {
        t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d; want %d", result, expected)
    }
}

Run Tests:
To run the tests, use the go test command followed by the package import path. Go will automatically discover and run all test functions in files ending with _test.go.
go test mypackage

Assertions and Error Reporting:
Use the various assertion functions provided by the testing.T argument to compare actual results with expected values. If an assertion fails, use methods like t.Errorf() to report the error.
Table-Driven Tests:
Go's testing package supports table-driven tests, where you define test cases in a structured way using slices or arrays.
func TestMultiply(t *testing.T) {
    testCases := []struct {
        a, b, expected int
    }{
        {2, 3, 6},
        {0, 5, 0},
        {-1, 4, -4},
    }

for _, tc := range testCases {
        result := Multiply(tc.a, tc.b)
        if result != tc.expected {
            t.Errorf("Multiply(%d, %d) = %d; want %d", tc.a, tc.b, result, tc.expected)
        }
    }
}

Benchmarks:
The testing package also supports writing benchmarks using functions named with the Benchmark prefix. Benchmarks help you measure the performance of your code.
func BenchmarkAdd(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i &#x3C; b.N; i++ {
        _ = Add(2, 3)
    }
}

Run Benchmarks:
Run benchmarks using the go test command with the -bench flag:
go test -bench=.

Coverage:
Go also provides tools to measure test coverage, showing which parts of your code are covered by tests. You can use the -cover flag with the go test command to generate a coverage report.
go test -cover

By following these steps and using the built-in testing package, you can easily write, run, and maintain unit tests and benchmarks for your Go code, ensuring the reliability and correctness of your software.

How to implement unit testing in Go?

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How to implement unit testing in Go?

Jayant Kumar @jayantkumar314

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