What is the difference between class and structure in C++?

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Differences Between Class and Structure in C++
  • Default Access Specifier
  • Inheritance
  • Use Cases
• Practical Examples
  • Example 1: Encapsulation with Class
  • Example 2: Simple Data Grouping with Structure
• Conclusion

Introduction

In C++, both classes and structures are used to create user-defined data types, but they have distinct characteristics and use cases. While they share similarities, understanding the differences between them can help you choose the appropriate type for your programming needs. This guide outlines the key differences between classes and structures in C++.

Differences Between Class and Structure in C++

Default Access Specifier

• Class: In a C++ class, the default access specifier for members is private. This means that if you do not explicitly specify the access level, the members of the class will be private.

  Example:

• Structure: In a C++ structure, the default access specifier for members is public. This means that if you do not explicitly specify the access level, the members of the structure will be public.

  Example:

Inheritance

• Class: Inheritance in classes is private by default if the access specifier is not explicitly mentioned. This means that derived classes cannot access the base class members unless specified otherwise.

  Example:

• Structure: Inheritance in structures is public by default. This means that members of the base structure are accessible to the derived structure.

  Example:

Use Cases

• Class: Classes are typically used when encapsulation, data hiding, and object-oriented principles are needed. They are ideal for defining complex data types and behaviors with private members and public interfaces.
• Structure: Structures are generally used for simple data grouping and when public access is sufficient. They are often used for passive data structures or Plain Old Data (POD) types where encapsulation is less of a concern.

Practical Examples

Example 1: Encapsulation with Class

Example 2: Simple Data Grouping with Structure

Conclusion

Classes and structures in C++ are both used to define custom data types, but they differ primarily in default access specifiers and inheritance behaviors. Classes provide more control over data encapsulation and object-oriented design, while structures are simpler and are typically used for straightforward data grouping. Understanding these differences helps in choosing the right type for your data modeling and programming needs.