Explain the use of Go's structs and composition for defining and using composite types and structures in Go programs?

Question

Jayant Kumar · Accepted Answer

In Go, a struct is a composite data type that groups together zero or more values of different types. It is similar to a class in other languages, but without inheritance or methods attached to it.
Structs are defined using the **type** keyword, followed by the name of the struct, and then the fields inside curly braces **{}**. Here's an example of a struct definition:
type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

This defines a new struct type **Person**, which has two fields, **Name** of type **string**, and **Age** of type **int**.
Structs can also be composed by embedding one or more types within another type. This is similar to inheritance in object-oriented programming, but without the concept of subtyping. Here's an example:
type Employee struct {
    Person
    Salary float64
}

This defines a new struct type **Employee**, which embeds the **Person** struct as a field, and also has an additional field **Salary** of type **float64**. This allows an **Employee** to have all the fields and methods of a **Person**, as well as its own fields and methods.
Composition can also be used to implement interfaces in Go. By embedding a type that implements an interface, a struct can automatically implement that interface as well. Here's an example:
type Animal interface {
    Speak() string
}

type Dog struct {
    Name string
}

func (d Dog) Speak() string {
    return "Woof!"
}

type Bulldog struct {
    Dog
}

func main() {
    var b Bulldog
    fmt.Println(b.Speak()) // Output: Woof!
}

In this example, **Dog** is a struct that implements the **Animal** interface by defining a **Speak()** method that returns "Woof!". **Bulldog** is a new struct type that embeds **Dog**, and therefore also has a **Speak()** method that returns "Woof!". Because **Bulldog** has a **Speak()** method, it can be used as an **Animal** as well.
This is an example of how composition and interfaces can be used together to achieve polymorphism in Go.

Explain the use of Go's structs and composition for defining and using composite types and structures in Go programs?

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Explain the use of Go's structs and composition for defining and using composite types and structures in Go programs?

Jayant Kumar @jayantkumar314

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