Explain the use of Go's string functions for string manipulation and processing?
Go provides a variety of built-in string functions for string manipulation and processing. Here are some examples:
**len()**
- This function returns the length of a string in bytes.
str := "hello"
length := len(str) // length = 5
**strings.ToUpper()**
- This function returns a new string with all characters in uppercase.
str := "hello"
newStr := strings.ToUpper(str) // newStr = "HELLO"
**strings.ToLower()**
- This function returns a new string with all characters in lowercase.
str := "HELLO"
newStr := strings.ToLower(str) // newStr = "hello"
**strings.TrimSpace()**
- This function returns a new string with leading and trailing white space removed.
str := " hello "
newStr := strings.TrimSpace(str) // newStr = "hello"
**strings.Split()**
- This function splits a string into a slice of substrings based on a delimiter.
str := "hello,world"
substrings := strings.Split(str, ",") // substrings = []string{"hello", "world"}
**strings.Join()**
- This function concatenates a slice of strings into a single string with a specified separator.
substrings := []string{"hello", "world"}
str := strings.Join(substrings, ",") // str = "hello,world"
**strconv.Itoa()**
- This function converts an integer to a string.
num := 42
str := strconv.Itoa(num) // str = "42"
**strconv.Atoi()**
- This function converts a string to an integer.
str := "42"
num, err := strconv.Atoi(str) // num = 42, err = nil
These are just a few examples of the many string functions available in Go. By using these functions, you can easily manipulate and process string data in your programs.