Explain the use of Go's import statements and package names for organizing and accessing code in Go programs?

The use of Go's import statements and package names for organizing and accessing code in Go programs.

In Go, packages are the basic unit of code organization. They are used to group related code into a single unit and to provide a namespace for the identifiers (variables, functions, types, etc.) defined in the package.

To use code from another package in a Go program, you need to import that package using the **import** statement. The **import** statement should appear at the beginning of the file, before any other code.

The syntax of the **import** statement is as follows:

import "package/path"

or

import (
    "package1/path1"
    "package2/path2"
    ...
)

Here, **"package/path"** is the path to the package that you want to import. This can be either an absolute path (e.g., **"fmt"**) or a relative path (e.g., **"../mylib"**). In the case of a relative path, the path should be relative to the directory that contains the importing file.

Once you have imported a package, you can access its exported identifiers (i.e., the identifiers that start with a capital letter) using the package name followed by a dot (**.**) and the identifier name. For example, if you have imported the **fmt** package, you can use the **Println** function like this:

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
}

In this example, the **Println** function is accessed using the package name **fmt**.

It is also possible to import a package with an alias, using the following syntax:

import myalias "package/path"

In this case, you can access the package's exported identifiers using the alias instead of the package name.

import (
    "fmt"
    myalias "package/path"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println(myalias.MyFunc())
}

This is useful when you want to avoid naming conflicts between identifiers from different packages.

In summary, Go's **import** statement and package system provide a simple and effective way to organize and access code in a program. By grouping related code into packages and using import statements to access the code, you can write modular, reusable code that is easy to maintain and understand.