Explain the use of Go's built-in functions for common tasks?
Go provides a large number of built-in functions that perform common tasks and operations. Here are some examples:
**len()**
- Returns the length of an array, slice, string, or map.
**append()**
- Appends elements to a slice and returns the new slice.
**make()**
- Creates a new slice, map, or channel.
**new()**
- Allocates memory for a new value and returns a pointer to it.
**panic()**
- Stops the normal flow of control and begins panicking, unwinding the stack until it reaches a recover statement or crashes the program.
**recover()**
- Returns the value passed to panic and stops the panic.
**copy()**
- Copies elements from one slice to another.
**delete()**
- Deletes an element from a map.
**close()**
- Closes a channel.
**cap()**
- Returns the capacity of a slice or array.
These built-in functions can be very useful for performing common tasks in a concise and efficient way. For example, we can use **len()**
to get the length of a slice:
mySlice := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
length := len(mySlice)
fmt.Println(length) // prints 4
We can use **append()**
to add elements to a slice:
mySlice := []int{1, 2, 3}
newSlice := append(mySlice, 4, 5)
fmt.Println(newSlice) // prints [1 2 3 4 5]
We can use **make()**
to create a new slice:
mySlice := make([]int, 3, 5)
fmt.Println(mySlice) // prints [0 0 0]
fmt.Println(len(mySlice)) // prints 3
fmt.Println(cap(mySlice)) // prints 5
These are just a few examples of the many built-in functions that Go provides. By familiarizing ourselves with these functions and using them where appropriate, we can write more efficient and concise code.