Explain the difference between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Differences Between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement
  • 1. Statement
  • 2. PreparedStatement
  • 3. CallableStatement
• Practical Examples
  • Example 1: Using Statement
  • Example 2: Using PreparedStatement
  • Example 3: Using CallableStatement
• Conclusion

Introduction

In Java JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), there are three main types of statements used to execute SQL queries against a database: Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement. Each of these statements serves a different purpose and comes with its advantages. Understanding the differences between them is essential for efficient database interaction.

Differences Between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement

1. Statement

Purpose: Used for executing simple SQL queries without parameters.

• Usage: The Statement interface is used for executing static SQL statements. It is suitable for executing straightforward queries that do not require parameters.

• Performance: It compiles the SQL statement every time it is executed, making it less efficient for repeated executions.

• Example:

2. PreparedStatement

Purpose: Used for executing precompiled SQL statements with or without parameters.

• Usage: The PreparedStatement interface allows you to create SQL statements with parameters, which can enhance performance and security by preventing SQL injection attacks. It is ideal for executing the same statement multiple times with different parameter values.

• Performance: The SQL statement is precompiled, meaning it is compiled only once and can be executed multiple times with different parameters, resulting in better performance.

• Example:

3. CallableStatement

Purpose: Used for executing stored procedures in the database.

• Usage: The CallableStatement interface is specifically designed to call stored procedures, which are pre-defined SQL code stored in the database. It can also handle input and output parameters.

• Performance: It allows for efficient execution of complex SQL logic that resides in the database, potentially reducing the amount of data sent over the network.

• Example:

Practical Examples

Example 1: Using Statement

Example 2: Using PreparedStatement

Example 3: Using CallableStatement

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement is crucial for effective database interaction in Java. While Statement is useful for executing simple queries, PreparedStatement is preferred for parameterized queries due to its performance benefits and security against SQL injection. CallableStatement, on the other hand, is essential for executing stored procedures. By choosing the appropriate statement type, you can enhance your application's performance and maintainability.